Justia Family Law Opinion Summaries

The Supreme Court affirmed the judgment of the county court finding that it was not in the best interest of the minor child at issue in this case to grant a petition to adopt the child (Child), whose parents died as the result of a murder-suicide, holding that there was no error.Child was five years old when her father killed her mother and then committed suicide. Thereafter, the Department of Health an Human Services (DHHS) took temporary protective custody of Child, who was adjudicated under Neb. Rev. Stat. 43-247(3)(a). The deceased couple's wills nominated Kelly, Child's biological maternal grandmother, as guardian for Child. Kelly filed a petition for guardianship of Child, after which Petitioners filed a petition for adoption. The county court denied the petition for adoption on the basis that it was not in Child's best interests to grant the petition. The Supreme Court affirmed, holding that the district court did not err in its best interests analysis. View "In re Adoption of Faith F." on Justia Law

At issue is whether the Commonwealth of Virginia would recognize a divorce granted by a foreign nation to its own citizens when neither spouse was domiciled in that nation at the time of the divorce. The question arises from Petitioner’s marriage to a woman after the woman and another man — both Ghanaian citizens — divorced pursuant to Ghanaian customary law. At the time of the divorce, the woman and man were lawful permanent residents of the United States, and neither was present or domiciled in Ghana. Based on his marriage to the woman, Petitioner became a lawful permanent resident of the United States. But when Petitioner applied to become a naturalized citizen, United States Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) determined that he and the woman were not validly married. USCIS reasoned that under controlling Virginia law, the Commonwealth would not recognize a divorce granted by a nation where neither spouse was domiciled at the time of the divorce. Petitioner sought a review of the decision in the district court, which granted summary judgment to USCIS. Petitioner then brought this appeal.   The Fourth Circuit reversed and remanded with instructions to grant Petitioner’s naturalization application. The court concluded as a matter of comity, Virginia would recognize this otherwise valid divorce granted by a foreign nation to its own citizens, regardless of the citizens’ domicile at the time. The court explained it rejected only USCIS’s argument that pursuant to present Virginia law, the Commonwealth would refuse to recognize a divorce granted by a foreign nation to its own citizens simply because neither was domiciled in the foreign nation at the time of the divorce. View "Michael Adjei v. Alejandro Mayorkas" on Justia Law

Mother gave birth to Minor’s half-brother and tested positive for drugs at the hospital, triggering a referral to the Solano County Social Services Department. Mother abandoned the newborn at the hospital. Three-year-old Minor’s whereabouts were unknown. The Department contacted Father, a truck driver, then in Michigan. Father explained that Mother left Minor in the care of a friend. The Department confirmed that Minor was safe in the friend’s custody. Father had cared for Minor for several months in 2019 when Mother was using methamphetamines and alcohol. Mother “got sober” in 2020. The Department filed a petition alleging Minor was at substantial risk of serious harm due to Mother’s ongoing substance abuse and that Father knew or should have known Mother was continuing to use drugs but left Minor with her “without a safety plan.” Father entered a denial.The court of appeal affirmed orders regarding detention and jurisdiction but reversed the disposition order. The Department must establish by clear and convincing evidence that placing Minor with Father “would be detrimental to the safety, protection, or physical or emotional well-being of the child,” The record lacked substantial evidence to support such a finding. The juvenile court also abused its discretion by ordering Father to engage in recommended reunification services—substance abuse testing, completion of a parenting class, and participation in a parent-partner program. The record lacks any evidence that Father uses or abuses narcotics or alcohol. Father co-parented three children of his prior marriage, all now adults. View "In re M.C." on Justia Law

The Supreme Court affirmed as modified the decision of the district court continuing a harassment protection against Justina R. in favor of Diedra T. and Diedra's two minor children, holding that the order must be modified to exclude the children.Dustina, Diedra, and Diedra's husband had sexual relations. Diedra later filed a petition to obtain a harassment protection order against Justina on behalf of herself and her children, alleging that after Diedra had ended the sexual relationship Justina had harassed her. The district court ruled in Deidra's favor to the as to the harassment protection order. The Supreme Court affirmed as modified, holding (1) there was sufficient evidence to continue the harassment protection order in Diedra, and there was no violation of Justina's due process rights during the proceedings; and (2) the record showed insufficient evidence to warrant continuing the harassment protection order as to the children. View "Diedra T. v. Justina R." on Justia Law

The New Hampshire Division for Children, Youth and Families (DCYF) appealed a circuit court order dismissing its neglect petitions against respondent, mother of H.B. and G.B. (Mother). DCYF argued the trial court erred when it dismissed the petitions because DCYF did not meet its burden of proving that any deprivation of parental care or control, subsistence, or education identified in RSA 169-C:3, XIX(b) was “not due primarily to the lack of financial means” of the parents. RSA 169-C:3, XIX(b) (2022). To this, the New Hampshire Supreme Court concurred, vacated the decision, and remanded for further proceedings on whether H.B. and G.B. were neglected. View "In re H.B.; In re G.B." on Justia Law

Appellant appealed from a post-judgment order denying her request for the entry of a qualified domestic relations order (QDRO) and instead adopting the QDRO proposed by Respondent. Appellant contends that the family court erred in two respects when it signed Respondent’s QDRO. First, the court erroneously used Respondent’s rank and salary at the time of the parties’ separation to calculate the community interest in Respondent’s pension instead of his final rank and salary at the time of his retirement, as required by the time rule. Second, the court committed legal error by ordering that Appellant’s property interest in the pension reverts to Respondent if she predeceases him.   The Second Appellate District reversed. The court explained that by mandating that upon Appellant’s death, her share of the pension would revert to Respondent, Respondent’s QDRO effectively revives the terminable interest rule, contravening Family Code section 2610. Thus, the court held that the provision cannot stand. View "Marriage of Belthius" on Justia Law

The Morenos sought a determination that Bertuccio was not an heir entitled to an intestate share of the Estate of Franco. The probate court granted them summary judgment, finding Bertuccio to be the child of a 1957 marriage between his mother Marilyn and Frank Bertuccio, under the marital presumption. Family Code section 7540(a) provides that “the child of spouses who cohabited at the time of conception and birth is conclusively presumed to be a child of the marriage.” Frank was identified as Bertuccio’s father on his birth certificate and paid child support for Bertuccio after he and Marilyn divorced. Marilyn purportedly told Bertuccio that Franco was his father. The court held Bertuccio was not entitled to prove Franco was his natural parent from whom he could inherit in intestate succession under Probate Code section 6453(b)(2).The court of appeal remanded. If Bertuccio were found to be a child of the marriage of Marilyn and Frank, pursuant to the marital presumption, he would not be entitled to prove Franco was his natural parent. However, the probate court erred in applying the marital presumption without first making the requisite finding that Marilyn and Frank were cohabiting at the time of Bertuccio’s conception and birth. View "Estate of Franco" on Justia Law

K.V. (Mother) and David V. (Father) appealed the juvenile court’s order terminating their parental rights to daughter M.V. They contend the court erred when it declined to order a supplemental bonding study and did not conduct a proper analysis of the beneficial parent-child relationship exception.   The Second Appellate District reversed the order terminating parental rights and remanded the matter to juvenile court. The court explained that by failing to determine whether M.V. had a substantial, positive attachment to her parents, and by relying on improper factors in assessing detriment, the juvenile court failed to perform the appropriate analysis when determining if the beneficial parental relationship exception applied. View "In re M.V. CA2/" on Justia Law

Appellant V.R. is the mother of now 11-year-old N.R. Mother appealed the juvenile court’s order terminating her parental rights as to N.R. Mother argued that the order is unsupported by clear and convincing evidence of parental unfitness or child detriment. Specifically, she argued that termination cannot be predicated on earlier, unchallenged findings of parental unfitness or child detriment as to N.R. because, after N.R. and her younger half-sister R.L. were removed from mother’s custody, the juvenile court returned R.L. to mother. According to mother, R.L.’s return to mother “rebutted” the earlier findings as a matter of law. If these earlier findings are disregarded, mother continues, no substantial evidence otherwise supports termination of her parental rights as to N.R.   The Second Appellate District affirmed the juvenile court’s order. The court explained that the record reflects manifest differences between N.R.’s and R.L.’s needs and mother’s ability to parent each child. Throughout the proceedings, the juvenile court carefully considered this evidence and the respective risks the children faced in mother’s care. The court, therefore, rejected mother’s argument that R.L.’s return to mother rebutted or otherwise limited the vitality of prior findings of mother’s unfitness to parent N.R. or the detriment to N.R. of remaining in, or being returned to, mother’s custody. Notwithstanding its order returning R.L. to mother’s custody, due process permitted the juvenile court to rely on such findings at the section 366.26 hearing. View "In re N.R." on Justia Law

Radell R. appealed a dispositional order denying him reunification services with his eight-year-old and six-year-old daughters under the bypass provision in California Welfare and Institutions Code section 361.5 (b)(6) for infliction of severe physical harm. He argued the juvenile court failed to satisfy the statutory requirements for making a bypass finding under section 361.5 (b)(6) and the finding isn’t supported by substantial evidence. After review, the Court of Appeal agreed and therefore reversed the bypass finding and remanded for the court to reconsider his entitlement to reunification services. View "In re T.R." on Justia Law